![]() The term holodomor may have first appeared in print in the Soviet Union on 18 July 1988, when Musiyenko's article on the topic was published. Another early public usage in the Soviet Union was in a February 1988 speech by Oleksiy Musiyenko, Deputy Secretary for ideological matters of the party organisation of the Kyiv branch of the Union of Soviet Writers in Ukraine. In Ukraine, the first official use of famine was a December 1987 speech by Volodymyr Shcherbytskyi, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, on the occasion of the republic's 70th anniversary. ![]() It was used in print in the 1930s in Ukrainian diaspora publications in Czechoslovakia as Haladamor, and by Ukrainian immigrant organisations in the United States and Canada by 1978 in the Soviet Union, of which Ukraine was a constituent republic, any references to the famine were dismissed as anti-Soviet propaganda, even after de-Stalinization in 1956, until the declassification and publication of historical documents in the late 1980s made continued denial of the catastrophe unsustainable ĭiscussion of the Holodomor became possible as part of the glasnost policy of openness. ![]() The expression holodom moryty means "to inflict death by hunger." The Ukrainian verb moryty ( морити) means "to poison, to drive to exhaustion, or to torment." The perfective form of moryty is zamoryty, 'kill or drive to death' In English, the Holodomor has also been referred to as the artificial famine, famine genocide, terror famine, and terror-genocide. Holodomor literally translated from Ukrainian means "death by hunger", "killing by hunger, killing by starvation", or sometimes "murder by hunger or starvation." It is a compound of the Ukrainian holod, ' hunger' and mor, ' plague'. Since 2006, the Holodomor has been recognized by the European Parliament, Ukraine, and 25 other countries, as a genocide against the Ukrainian people carried out by the Soviet government. The famine's widespread impact on Ukraine persists to this day. However, current scholarship estimates a range significantly lower, with 3.5 to 5 million victims. A joint statement to the United Nations signed by 25 countries in 2003 declared that 7–10 million died. Early estimates of the death toll by scholars and government officials vary greatly. This caused Ukraine to be hit particularly hard by the famine. Ukraine was one of the largest grain-producing states in the USSR and was subject to unreasonably higher grain quotas, when compared to the rest of the USSR. Others suggest that the famine was primarily the consequence of rapid Soviet industrialisation and collectivization of agriculture. Some historians conclude that the famine was planned and exacerbated by Joseph Stalin in order to eliminate a Ukrainian independence movement. While scholars universally agree that the cause of the famine was man-made, whether the Holodomor constitutes a genocide remains in dispute. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union. The Holodomor ( Ukrainian: Голодомо́р, romanized: Holodomor, IPA: derived from морити голодом, moryty holodom, 'to kill by starvation'), also known as the Terror-Famine or the Great Famine, was a man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. Genocide of Croats and Muslims by the Chetniks.Herero and Namaqua genocide (1904–1907).18th / 19th / early 20th century genocides
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